History Of Qustuntunia In Urdu Pdf 25 VERIFIED
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Qustuntunia: A Historical Overview of the City of Istanbul in Urdu
Qustuntunia, also known as Constantinople or Istanbul, is one of the oldest and most important cities in the world. It has been the capital of various empires, such as the Roman, Byzantine, Latin, Ottoman and Turkish Republics. It has witnessed many historical events, such as the rise and fall of civilizations, wars, sieges, conquests, revolutions and reforms. It has also been a center of culture, religion, trade and art for centuries.
In this article, we will explore the history of Qustuntunia from an Islamic perspective, based on some Urdu books that are available online in PDF format. We will also provide some references for further reading for those who are interested in learning more about this fascinating city.
The First Muslim Attack on Qustuntunia
The first Muslim attack on Qustuntunia took place in the year 25 AH (646 CE), during the caliphate of Uthman ibn Affan (RA). The commander of the Muslim army was Ameer Yazid bin Muawiyah (RA), the son of the governor of Syria and the future caliph. The attack was motivated by a prophecy of Prophet Muhammad (SAW), who said: \"Verily you shall conquer Qustuntunia. What a wonderful leader will her leader be, and what a wonderful army will that army be!\" (Musnad Ahmad)
The Muslim army reached the walls of Qustuntunia after crossing Anatolia. They besieged the city for about a month, but they could not break through the strong fortifications. The Byzantine emperor Constantine III sent reinforcements and supplies to the city by sea. The Muslims also faced harsh weather conditions and diseases. Eventually, they decided to retreat after suffering heavy losses. The Byzantines celebrated their victory by holding a procession in the city.
Although the first Muslim attack on Qustuntunia was unsuccessful, it was not a failure. It showed the courage and determination of the Muslims to fulfill the prophecy of Prophet Muhammad (SAW). It also weakened the Byzantine empire and paved the way for future Muslim conquests in Anatolia and Europe.
The Second Muslim Attack on Qustuntunia
The second Muslim attack on Qustuntunia took place in the year 49 AH (669 CE), during the caliphate of Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan (RA). The commander of the Muslim army was again Ameer Yazid bin Muawiyah (RA), who was now the heir apparent to the caliphate. The attack was part of a larger campaign to expand the Muslim rule in North Africa and Europe.
The Muslim army consisted of about 80,000 soldiers and 1,800 ships. They sailed from Alexandria to Rhodes, where they established a naval base. From there, they launched raids on various islands and coastal towns in the Aegean Sea. They also attacked Qustuntunia several times by land and sea, but they could not breach its defenses. The siege lasted for about seven years, until 56 AH (676 CE), when a peace treaty was signed between Muawiyah (RA) and Constantine IV, the Byzantine emperor.
The peace treaty stipulated that the Byzantines would pay an annual tribute to the Muslims and allow them to keep their naval base in Rhodes. The Muslims also gained control over some territories in Anatolia and Armenia. The treaty marked a significant achievement for the Muslims, as it recognized their power and influence in the region. It also gave them time to consolidate their rule and prepare for future attacks on Qustuntunia.
The Third Muslim Attack on Qustuntunia
The third Muslim attack on Qustuntunia took place in the year 97 AH (716 CE), during the caliphate of Umar bin Abdul Aziz (RA). The commander of the Muslim army was Maslama bin Abdul Malik (RA), a brother of the previous caliph Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik (RA). The attack was part of a renewed effort to conquer Qustuntunia and fulfill the prophecy of Prophet Muhammad (SAW). 248dff8e21